Metals have a number of similar physical properties that distinguish them from nonmetals. This special type of chemical bond between metal atoms determines both the physical and chemical properties of metals. The electrons turn out to be, as it were, socialized by all the atoms of the metal. Thus, inside a piece of metal, the so-called electron gas constantly circulates, which firmly binds together all the atoms of the metal. Simultaneously, other metal atoms donate electrons. The metal atoms, devoid of electrons, turn into positive ions, which again attract moving electrons to themselves. Its essence is that electrons are constantly detached from metal atoms, which move throughout the mass of a piece of metal. In the form of a simple substance, metal atoms are interconnected by the so-called metallic bond.Ī metallic bond is a special type of bond that is unique to metals. In compounds with non-metals, typical metals form an ionic chemical bond. In compounds, metals always exhibit a positive oxidation state, usually +1 to +4.

The best reducing agents are metals of groups I and II of the main subgroups. metal atoms donate electrons easily and are good reducing agents. They are the most chemically active, i.e. In periods, the alkali metals have the largest atomic radii. Metal atoms usually have large atomic radii. A feature of the structure of metal atoms is a small number of electrons in the external energy level, not exceeding three. However, many metals are amphoteric and can sometimes behave like non-metals. In addition, metals are the heaviest elements of groups IV, V, VI and VII. They are in groups I, II, III, in secondary subgroups of all groups. Mendeleev, out of 110 elements, 87 are metals.

Tablica mendeleeva po himii